BODY AND MIND

Knowing oncological pathologies to better prevent cancer

Oncology is the study, diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumours. The different types of cancer each have their own specificities. Mostoncological pathologies have a fatal outcome. However, cancer can be cured if detected and treated early. This is why it is important to be aware of the various symptoms. This will enable the patient or his relatives to consult an oncologist directly. This is the only person who has in-depth knowledge of the mechanisms of cancer.

The main warning signs of cancer

Cancer is a malignant disease that comes in many forms and is caused by many factors. By proliferating abnormally in the body, cells invade the tissues. Many biological functions are disrupted. The first signs of cancer are not visible until the disease is well established in the patient's body. Symptoms related to the spread of cancer cells only appear after a few years. A suspicion of oncological pathologies arises in one of the following cases:

There are signs that appear when cancer cells spread to other organs in the body. These include numbness of the liver, vomiting, nausea and dizziness, and trouble breathing. These pains are rather singular and in a specific place.

Frequent pathologies in the oncology department

Oncological pathologies are of different kinds. But there are some pathologies that are often encountered in the Oncology Department. These are: brain tumours, ENT, lung, gynaecological and prostate tumours.

Brain tumours

The symptoms of brain cancer depend on the exact positioning of the tumour in the body. The most common signs are headaches or headaches. Vomiting and nausea may accompany them depending on the case. The patient may have epileptic seizures or convulsions and possible loss of consciousness.

The prevention of brain tumours refers to all prevention of various oncological pathologies. Smoking is the number one enemy of cancer. Next comes overweight and alcoholic beverages. The recommended measures are: a balanced diet and regular physical activity.

ENT tumours

The symptoms of ENT cancers are quite common. They may include recurrent bleeding, a lump in the face or neck, pain when breathing, sore throat, difficulty swallowing, altered voice, a sore in the throat or mouth. A biopsy with an anatomopathological examination to detect an oncological pathology will be mandatory if these signs do not disappear after 3 weeks .

The prevention of ENT tumours means above all banishing all tobacco and alcohol. HPV or human papillomavirus are also risk factors. In particular, they affect the tonsils and the base of the tongue (oropharynx). Exposure to certain substances in the workplace must also be controlled.

Lung tumours

Lung cancer is an oncological pathology that can be detected by one of the following signs: a lingering cough, shortness of breath, wheezing. But the patient may also experience chest pain, bronchopulmonary infections. The lung may collapse. There may be pleural effusion around the lungs, weakness, apart from other common signs.

Prevention measures include stopping smoking, eating a healthy diet with plenty of B vitamins, avoiding exposure to asbestos and radon.

Gynaecological tumours

The main signs that should alert the woman are pain in the lower abdomen, bleeding between periods, a change in the appearance of the vulva. Discomfort in the abdomen, a frequent urge to urinate or sudden constipation may be signs of this type of oncological pathology.

The prevention of gynaecological tumours consists of regular visits to the gynaecologist. A cervical cancer can be detected by systematically taking a Papillomavirus HPV smear or a vaccine against it.

Prostate tumours

As prostate cancer progresses, urinary problems can reappear. Frequent or urgent need to urinate, the presence of blood in the semen or urine, can be signs of this oncological pathology. The patient may feel pain or burning when urinating. The patient may also have the impression that he has not completely emptied his bladder after urinating.

In order to prevent this tumour, it is necessary to have a healthy lifestyle, to have regular examinations and screening. The practice of physical activities is recommended.