Index
- The main gynaecological pathologies and their complications
- Symptoms of the main gynaecological pathologies
- The ovarian cyst
- Endometriosis
- Breast Cancer
- The menopause
- Complications of the main gynaecological pathologies
- Symptoms of the main gynaecological pathologies
The main gynaecological pathologies and their complications
The main gynaecological pathologies relate to affections of the organs of the genital apparatus. The gynaecological system consists of the uterus, vagina, vulva, fallopian tubes and ovaries. The ovaries play a role in the process of reproduction, from fertilisation to childbirth. In general, the conditions refer to infections of one of the organs of the upper or lower genital tract. Sexually transmitted diseases are the most common. The reproductive system may also be affected by various abnormalities, malignant or benign tumours, as the case may be.
Symptoms of the main gynaecological pathologies
Different signs can testify to the main gynaecological pathologies. They may relate to pain that the woman feels in the pelvic area. But these signs can also include vaginal pruritus, vaginal discharge and singular vaginal bleeding. A visit to the gynaecologist is necessary when any of these signs appear. Only the gynaecologist will be able to prescribe the appropriate treatment based on his or her findings. The main gynaecological pathologies are among others: ovarian cyst, endometriosis, breast cancer, menopause. Studying them allows us to know their causes, their mechanism and their symptoms.
The ovarian cyst
It is a pouch filled with liquid. It develops on or inside the ovary. In general, a cyst is functional and can disappear as it appeared. A cyst is a main gynaecological pathology which can form for different reasons:
- Endometriosis
- The Pill
- Medicines
It can be due to a foreign body, an injury, a malformation, a chronic inflammation, a benign or malignant tumour. An infection and a blocked sebaceous gland can also cause a cyst to occur.
The symptoms of the disease are:
- Pelvic pain in the lower abdomen
- Bleeding outside of the menstrual period
- Digestive problems if the intestine is compressed
- A frequent urge to urinate if pressure is on the bladder
Endometriosis
It is a main gynaecological pathology due to the formation of endometrial cells outside the uterus:
- On the outer surface of the uterus
- On the fallopian tubes
- On the ovaries
- On the ligaments supporting the uterus
The causes of this main gynaecological pathology are still misunderstood. Its development may be due to a retrograde flow. The menstrual blood with the endometrial cells goes into the pelvic cavity via the fallopian tubes. Normally, muscle contractions must expel them out of the uterus. It is also possible that endometrial tissue may pass out of the uterus through blood or lymph.
Symptoms of this disease are pain in the abdomen that is accentuated on one side of the abdomen and during ovulation. They occur, for example, during sexual intercourse, when urinating, during menstruation, in cases of constipation or diarrhoea.
Breast Cancer
Main gynaecological pathology, it is a malignant tumour which develops from the cells of the mammary gland. By multiplying, these cells form a tumour.
There are many causes of breast cancer. Age is the first factor in the onset of this disease, generally after the age of 50. Then come hormonal conditions such as having had your first baby after the age of 30. The age of first menstruation is another factor in the onset of the disease if it is before the age of 12. Smoking, alcohol, obesity, taking oral contraceptives over many years are also reasons for this cancer.
A lump in the breast is the first sign of breast cancer. Changes in the skin around the nipple, the shape of the breast or its size are also signs. The same applies to the lymph nodes under the armpits.
The menopause
It is a main gynaecological pathology which consists of the cessation of menstruation at a certain age of the woman.
The reproductive period is coming to an end. There is no more ovulation, so the ovaries no longer secrete oestrogen and progesterone, the sex hormones.
The symptoms of menopause are:
- Hot flashes
- Sleep disorders
- Dryness of the vagina and skin
- Weight gain
- The irregularity of the rules
Complications of the main gynaecological pathologies
The main gynaecological pathologies listed in this article each have their own complications.
For ovarian cysts, complications manifest themselves in different ways. For example, the cyst may rupture or the cyst may twist. Intracystic or extracystic haemorrhage may occur, as well as compression of neighbouring organs or infection.
Endometriosis, when complicated, leads to dyspareunia, kidney failure and severe abdominal pain. Adhesions of certain organs may appear.
The complications of breast cancer manifest themselves through metastatic breast cancer. The patient may end up with bone metastases, hypercalcaemia and a pathological fracture. Spinal cord compression is the compression of the spinal cord and promotes paralysis.
Menopause, another major gynaecological condition, contributes to the occurrence of physiological changes. The complications of this pathology are:
- Cardiovascular diseases in the absence of the preventive effect of ovarian hormones
- Osteoporosis
- Endometrial and breast cancer
